[c#]Twitterクライアントを作成するためのリンク集

以下のサイトを参考にすると、作成できるかも。昔はBASIC認証でもアクセスできていたみたいだけ、OAuth認証というものを使わなければアクセスできなくなったらしい。結構難しそう・・・。

①C#でOAuthでTwitter - nojimaの日記

②Twitterを活用したプログラムをC#で作成しよう

③Twitterに自分で作成したアプリケーションを登録する (2012年3月版)

④twitterizer（http://code.google.com/p/twitterizer/）

⑤Twitterizer（http://www.twitterizer.net/）

⑥30分で誰でも作れるTwitter Bot開発・運用手順 – Ruby Twitter bot

リンク先の①、②を組み合わせて1分おきに、タイムラインをコンソール出力するプログラムを作ってみました。
初回起動時に保存される設定ファイルは「C:\Users\<ユーザーID>\AppData\Local\ConsoleTwitter」に保存されるようです。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Net;
using System.Xml;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography;

namespace ConsoleTwitter
{
    class Auth {
        const string REQUEST_TOKEN_URL = "https://twitter.com/oauth/request_token";
        const string ACCESS_TOKEN_URL = "https://twitter.com/oauth/access_token";
        const string AUTHORIZE_URL = "https://twitter.com/oauth/authorize";

        private Random random = new Random();

        public string ConsumerKey { get; private set; }
        public string ConsumerSecret { get; private set; }
        public string RequestToken { get; private set; }
        public string RequestTokenSecret { get; private set; }
        public string AccessToken { get; private set; }
        public string AccessTokenSecret { get; private set; }
        public string UserId { get; private set; }
        public string ScreenName { get; private set; }

        public Auth(string consumerKey, string consumerSecret) {
            ServicePointManager.Expect100Continue = false;
            ConsumerKey = consumerKey;
            ConsumerSecret = consumerSecret;
        }

        public Auth(string consumerKey, string consumerSecret, string accessToken, string accessTokenSecret, string userId, string screenName) {
            ServicePointManager.Expect100Continue = false;
            ConsumerKey = consumerKey;
            ConsumerSecret = consumerSecret;
            AccessToken = accessToken;
            AccessTokenSecret = accessTokenSecret;
            UserId = userId;
            ScreenName = screenName;
        }

        public void GetRequestToken() {
            SortedDictionary parameters = GenerateParameters("");
            string signature = GenerateSignature("", "GET", REQUEST_TOKEN_URL, parameters);
            parameters.Add("oauth_signature", UrlEncode(signature));
            string response = HttpGet(REQUEST_TOKEN_URL, parameters);
            Dictionary dic = ParseResponse(response);
            RequestToken = dic["oauth_token"];
            RequestTokenSecret = dic["oauth_token_secret"];
        }

        public string GetAuthorizeUrl() {
            return AUTHORIZE_URL + "?oauth_token=" + RequestToken;
        }

        public void GetAccessToken(string pin) {
            SortedDictionary parameters = GenerateParameters(RequestToken);
            parameters.Add("oauth_verifier", pin);
            string signature = GenerateSignature(RequestTokenSecret, "GET", ACCESS_TOKEN_URL, parameters);
            parameters.Add("oauth_signature", UrlEncode(signature));
            string response = HttpGet(ACCESS_TOKEN_URL, parameters);
            Dictionary dic = ParseResponse(response);
            AccessToken = dic["oauth_token"];
            AccessTokenSecret = dic["oauth_token_secret"];
            UserId = dic["user_id"];
            ScreenName = dic["screen_name"];
        }

        public string Get(string url, IDictionary parameters) {
            SortedDictionary parameters2 = GenerateParameters(AccessToken);
            foreach (var p in parameters)
                parameters2.Add(p.Key, p.Value);
            string signature = GenerateSignature(AccessTokenSecret, "GET", url, parameters2);
            parameters2.Add("oauth_signature", UrlEncode(signature));
            return HttpGet(url, parameters2);
        }

        public string Post(string url, IDictionary parameters) {
            SortedDictionary parameters2 = GenerateParameters(AccessToken);
            foreach (var p in parameters)
                parameters2.Add(p.Key, p.Value);
            string signature = GenerateSignature(AccessTokenSecret, "POST", url, parameters2);
            parameters2.Add("oauth_signature", UrlEncode(signature));
            return HttpPost(url, parameters2);
        }

        private string HttpGet(string url, IDictionary parameters) {
            WebRequest req = WebRequest.Create(url + '?' + JoinParameters(parameters));
            WebResponse res = req.GetResponse();
            Stream stream = res.GetResponseStream();
            StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(stream);
            string result = reader.ReadToEnd();
            reader.Close();
            stream.Close();
            return result;
        }

        string HttpPost(string url, IDictionary parameters) {
            byte[] data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(JoinParameters(parameters));
            WebRequest req = WebRequest.Create(url);
            req.Method = "POST";
            req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
            req.ContentLength = data.Length;
            Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStream();
            reqStream.Write(data, 0, data.Length);
            reqStream.Close();
            WebResponse res = req.GetResponse();
            Stream resStream = res.GetResponseStream();
            StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(resStream, Encoding.UTF8);
            string result = reader.ReadToEnd();
            reader.Close();
            resStream.Close();
            return result;

        }

        private Dictionary ParseResponse(string response) {
            Dictionary result = new Dictionary();
            foreach (string s in response.Split('&')) {
                int index = s.IndexOf('=');
                if (index == -1)
                    result.Add(s, "");
                else
                    result.Add(s.Substring(0, index), s.Substring(index + 1));
            }
            return result;
        }

        private string JoinParameters(IDictionary parameters) {
            StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
            bool first = true;
            foreach (var parameter in parameters) {
                if (first)
                    first = false;
                else
                    result.Append('&');
                result.Append(parameter.Key);
                result.Append('=');
                result.Append(parameter.Value);
            }
            return result.ToString();
        }

        private string GenerateSignature(string tokenSecret, string httpMethod, string url, SortedDictionary parameters) {
            string signatureBase = GenerateSignatureBase(httpMethod, url, parameters);
            HMACSHA1 hmacsha1 = new HMACSHA1();
            hmacsha1.Key = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(UrlEncode(ConsumerSecret) + '&' + UrlEncode(tokenSecret));
            byte[] data = System.Text.Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(signatureBase);
            byte[] hash = hmacsha1.ComputeHash(data);
            return Convert.ToBase64String(hash);
        }

        private string GenerateSignatureBase(string httpMethod, string url, SortedDictionary parameters) {
            StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
            result.Append(httpMethod);
            result.Append('&');
            result.Append(UrlEncode(url));
            result.Append('&');
            result.Append(UrlEncode(JoinParameters(parameters)));
            return result.ToString();
        }

        private SortedDictionary GenerateParameters(string token) {
            SortedDictionary result = new SortedDictionary();
            result.Add("oauth_consumer_key", ConsumerKey);
            result.Add("oauth_signature_method", "HMAC-SHA1");
            result.Add("oauth_timestamp", GenerateTimestamp());
            result.Add("oauth_nonce", GenerateNonce());
            result.Add("oauth_version", "1.0");
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(token))
                result.Add("oauth_token", token);
            return result;
        }

        public string UrlEncode(string value) {
            string unreserved = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_.~";
            StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
            byte[] data = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(value);
            foreach (byte b in data) {
                if (b < 0x80 && unreserved.IndexOf((char)b) != -1)
                    result.Append((char)b);
                else
                    result.Append('%' + String.Format("{0:X2}", (int)b));
            }
            return result.ToString();
        }

        private string GenerateNonce() {
            string letters = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789";
            StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(8);
            for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
                result.Append(letters[random.Next(letters.Length)]);
            return result.ToString();
        }

        private string GenerateTimestamp() {
            TimeSpan ts = DateTime.UtcNow - new DateTime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
            return Convert.ToInt64(ts.TotalSeconds).ToString();
        }
    }

    class TweetEntity
    {
        public string UserName = "";
        public string Tweet = "";
        public string PostedTime = "";
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return UserName + "\r\n" + Tweet + "\r\n" + PostedTime + "\r\n";
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        
        const string CONSUMER_KEY = "hogehogehogehogehoge";
        const string CONSUMER_SECRET = "fugafugafugafugafugafugafugafuga";
        static readonly string LOG_FILE = AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory.Substring(0,
                    AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory.LastIndexOf("bin")) + "bin\\ConsoleTwitter.log";
        
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {

            int timespan = 60000;

            List prevTweetList = new List();
            List currTweetList = new List();

            for (; ; )
            {
                try
                {
                    currTweetList = GetTweet();
                    DisplayTweet(prevTweetList, currTweetList);
                    prevTweetList = currTweetList;
                }
                catch (Exception ex) 
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                    Console.WriteLine(ex.StackTrace);
                }
                System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(timespan);
            }
            
        }

        private static List GetTweet()
        {

            List tweetList = new List();

            Auth auth = GetAuth();

            // タイムラインから50件取得してみる
            Dictionary parameters = new Dictionary();
            parameters.Add("count", "50");
            string pagedata = auth.Get("http://twitter.com/statuses/home_timeline.xml", parameters);
            //Debug(pagedata);

            string tag = "status";

            XmlDocument xdoc = new XmlDocument();

            xdoc.LoadXml(pagedata);

            XmlElement root = xdoc.DocumentElement;

            XmlNodeList mylist = root.GetElementsByTagName(tag);

            for (int i = 0; i < mylist.Count; i++)
            {

                TweetEntity tweet = new TweetEntity();

                tweet.UserName = mylist[i].ChildNodes[11].ChildNodes[1].InnerText;  // User name

                tweet.Tweet = mylist[i].ChildNodes[2].InnerText;   // Tweet

                tweet.PostedTime = mylist[i].ChildNodes[0].InnerText;     // posted time

                tweetList.Add(tweet);

            }

            return tweetList;
        }

        private static void DisplayTweet(List prevTweetList, List currTweetList)
        {
            StreamWriter wr = new StreamWriter(LOG_FILE, true, Encoding.GetEncoding("Shift_JIS"));
            foreach (TweetEntity currTweet in currTweetList)
            {
                bool isNew = true;
                foreach (TweetEntity prevTweet in prevTweetList)
                {
                    if (prevTweet.ToString() == currTweet.ToString())
                    {
                        isNew = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (isNew)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(currTweet.ToString());
                    wr.WriteLine(currTweet.ToString());
                }

            }
            wr.Close();
        }

        private static Auth GetAuth()
        {
            Auth auth;

            var settings = ConsoleTwitter.Properties.Settings.Default;

            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty((string)settings["AccessToken"]))
            {

                auth = new Auth(CONSUMER_KEY, CONSUMER_SECRET);

                // リクエストトークンを取得する
                auth.GetRequestToken();

                // ユーザーにRequestTokenを認証してもらう
                Console.WriteLine("次のURLにアクセスして暗証番号を取得してください：");
                Console.WriteLine(auth.GetAuthorizeUrl());
                Console.Write("暗証番号：");
                string pin = Console.ReadLine().Trim();

                // アクセストークンを取得する
                auth.GetAccessToken(pin);

                // 結果を表示する
                Console.WriteLine("AccessToken: " + auth.AccessToken);
                Console.WriteLine("AccessTokenSecret: " + auth.AccessTokenSecret);
                Console.WriteLine("UserId: " + auth.UserId);
                Console.WriteLine("ScreenName: " + auth.ScreenName);

                // アクセストークンを設定ファイルに保存する
                settings["AccessToken"] = auth.AccessToken;
                settings["AccessTokenSecret"] = auth.AccessTokenSecret;
                settings["UserId"] = auth.UserId;
                settings["ScreenName"] = auth.ScreenName;
                settings.Save();
            }
            else
            {
                // 設定ファイルから読み込む
                auth = new Auth(CONSUMER_KEY, CONSUMER_SECRET,
                                (string)settings["AccessToken"], (string)settings["AccessTokenSecret"],
                                (string)settings["UserId"], (string)settings["ScreenName"]);
            }
            return auth;
        }

        private static void Debug(string s)
        {
            StreamWriter wr = new StreamWriter(LOG_FILE + ".DEBUG.txt", true, Encoding.GetEncoding("Shift_JIS"));
            wr.WriteLine(s);
            wr.Close();
        }

    }
}